Which surgical instrument is commonly used for taking precise measurements in surgical settings?

The choice of callipers as the correct answer is based on their specific function in surgical settings. Callipers are designed to measure the distance between two opposite sides of an object, providing precise measurements that are crucial in various surgical contexts. Their ability to gauge dimensions accurately makes them invaluable in both planning and executing surgical procedures.

In contrast, the meniscal probe is primarily used to assess the condition of meniscal tissues within joints rather than for measuring. The Kerrison rongeur is utilized for cutting and removing bone, which does not serve the purpose of measurement. The Meyerding retractor, while it helps in holding back tissues to provide visibility during surgery, does not provide measurements. Thus, callipers are specifically tailored for the precision required in surgical measurements, making them the most appropriate choice.